Refrigeration



Patented Nov. 11, 1930 UNljTEl) STATES- PATENT OFFICE WILLIS H. 'oARRIER, 0E ESSEX FELLS, NEW JERSEY, AssIGNoR r0 CARRIER ENGINEER- ING CORPORATION, OF NEWARK, NEW JERSEY REFRIGERATION Applicationfiled October 15, 1926. Serial No. 141,857.

This invention relates to refrigeration and has for an object to provide an improved method of refrigeration, which will have a definite and uniform and dependable performance; according'to which the apparatus required may be reduced to a minimum; and which will be relatively simple, compact, efficient, and economical in operation, and inexpensive.

Various other objects and advantages will be apparent from the following description of an embodiment of the invention and the novel 'feature sfwill be particularly pointed out hereinafter in connection with the appended claims.

The accompanying drawing illustrates diagrammatically a simple system constructed in accordance w th this nvention.

p In the illustrated dlagrammatie embodiment of the invention, an evaporator'l, condenser 2 and compressor 3 are connected inf series with one another by pipes 4, 5 and 6,

so as to form a closed circuit through which a refrigerant may be circulated. Pipes 7 and 8 leading to the condenser'provide a cooling medium for cooling and condensing the compressed vapor 'drawn from the evaporator by the compressor 3.

The liquid refrigerant delivered to the evaporator 1 from the condenser may be given a local circulation through the evaporator when the evapor'ator'is of the unsubmerged type, as shown, In the unsubmerged type. the evaporator may contain a plurality of pipes through which the liquid to be cooled is circulated, and a, suitable device 10 supplies the liquid refrigerant continually to the pipes to fiow in a thin film th'ereover.

The supply device 10 may be suppliedwith the liquid refrigerant through a pipe 11 leading from the circulating pump 12, whichis in turn connected by pipe 13 to the lower part of the evaporator. The lower part of the evaporator may serve as a reservoir forthe excessrefrigerant, so that the spray de- "samples of the pheric vice and circulating pump will be continuously supplied under all operation conditions, and the quantity of refrigerant circulated locally in the evaporator is always considerably in excess of the amountbeing evaporated.

The vapors from the evaporator are drawn off by the pipe 4, compressed in the compressor 3, and continued through pipe 5 to the condenser where they are cooled and liquefied.

The refrigerant used is methylene chloride, having the formula CHgCl-g- The commercial methylene chloride, inaddition to pure methylene chloride, contains higher and lower chlorinated products of this series of compoundswhich affect the temperatures between which it boils. For example, some commercial product at atmospressure begin boiling at 105 F. and finish at about-150 F., the constituents having the lower boiling points evaporating first, leaving behind those with higherv boiling points. The more readily vaporized portions would be evaporated first to a greater extent than the others, and their vapors would in use bereducedin proportion to the others, by leakage {and by loss with purged air. Consequently, the minimum boiling point of the refrigerant would gradually increase during use, diminishingthe relative refrigerating capacity of the compressor, un-

less the losses were replaced assoon as they occur. With the refined product, from which the higher and lower chlorinated products have largely been removed, the range of boiling points is small, and hence this capacity diminuation is so slight as practically to be negligible. These other higher and lower chlorinated products are preferablyfirst removed from the commercial product, pref-i erably by distillation, so as to obtain a refined, fairly pure product which is very uniform in quality and possesses a very definite and practically invariable boiling point. This refined. product will boil between apcondensing and returning to the circulation, the evaporated methylene chloride vapors.

6. The process of refrigeration which comprises passing methylene chloride as a film over unsubmerged evaporating surfaces, causing evaporation of such film, compressing by centrifugal action the evaporated vapors, condensing the compressed vapor and returning the condensed vapor as a film to said surfaces.

7. A process of refrigeration which comprises evaporating, compressing by centrifugal action, and condensing methylene chloride under pressures not materially exceeding approximately atmospheric pressure.

, WILLIS H. CARRIER.

Dec. 2, 1930 R. F. COWELL SHOCK INSULATED UNION AND PIPE STRAP Filed 001:. 2. 1928 PW ATTOQNEYS. 

